Classification and introduction of hydraulic turbines

According to the working principle, water turbines can be divided into two categories: impulse turbines and counterattack turbines. The runner of the impulse turbine is impacted by the water flow and rotates. During the working process, the pressure of the water flow is unchanged, mainly due to the conversion of kinetic energy; the runner of the impact turbine is rotated in the water by the reaction force of the water flow, and the pressure of the water flow during the working process Both energy and kinetic energy have changed, but mainly the conversion of pressure energy.

Impulse water turbines can be divided into two types: cutting type (also known as bucket type) and oblique type according to the direction of water flow. The structure of the oblique jet turbine is basically the same as that of the bucket turbine, except that the jet direction has an inclination angle and is only used for small units.

Counterattack water turbines can be divided into mixed flow, axial flow, diagonal flow and tubular flow. In a Francis turbine, the water flows radially into the water guiding mechanism and flows out of the runner axially; in an axial flow turbine, the water flows radially into the guide vanes and enters and exits the runner axially; in a diagonal flow turbine, the water flows It enters the guide vane radially and flows into the runner at an angle oblique to the main shaft, or flows into the guide vane and runner in a direction oblique to the main shaft; in a tubular turbine, water flows into the guide vane along the axial direction And runner. Axial, tubular and diagonal flow turbines can be divided into fixed blade and rotating blade according to their structure.